Modeling the Effects of Agricultural Innovation and Biocapacity on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in an Agrarian-Based Economy: Evidence From the Dynamic ARDL Simulations

In this paper, we modeled the effects of income, agricultural innovation, energy utilization, and biocapacity on Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. We tested validity environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Nigeria from 1981 to 2014. applied novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulations develop conceptual tools policy formulation. The empirical results confirmed EKC found that innovation utilization have an escalation effect CO emissions whereas income long-run emission-reduction effects. causality attributable observed drives demand. Income, biocapacity, are predict changes in These validated by accounting techniques—wherein 22.79% corresponds 49.43% emissions—5.95% has 35.78% emissions—and 1.61% spurs 16.27%. implication study is efficiency, clean sustainable ecosystem recovery management surest ways combat climate change its impacts.